Reported Speech

 

DIRECT SPEECH	REPORTED SPEECH
Present simple She said, “It’s cold.”	Past simple She said it was cold.
Present continuous She said, “I'm teaching English online.”	Past continuous She said she was teaching English online.
Present perfect simple She said, “I’ve been on the web since 1999.”	Past perfect simple She said she had been on the web since 1999.
Present perfect continuous She said, “I’ve been teaching English for seven years.”	Past perfect continuous She said she had been teaching English for seven years.
Past simple She said, “I taught online yesterday.”	Past perfect She said she had taught online yesterday.
Past continuous She said, I was teaching English earlier.	Past perfect continuous She said she had been teaching earlier.
*NO CHANGE*                         Past perfect She said, “The lesson had already started when he arrived.”	Past perfect                         *NO CHANGE* She said the lesson had already started when he arrived.
*NO CHANGE*     Past perfect continuous       She said, “I‘d already been teaching for five minutes.	Past perfect continuous     *NO CHANGE* She said she‘d already been teaching for five minutes.

                   PLACE & TIME                                                                      TENSE CHANGE

DIRECT SPEECH	REPORTED SPEECH		DIRECT SPEECH	REPORTED SPEECH
today	that day		will	would
now	Then / at the moment		can	could
yesterday	The day before		must / have to	must / had to
...days ago	...days before		may / might	might
last week	the week before		should	should
next year	the following year		ought to	ought to
tomorrow	the next day / the following day
here	there
this	that
these	those
ago	previously/ before
tonight	That night

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